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Comparative outcomes of vascular access in patients older than 70 years with end-stage renal disease
Deokbi Hwang Sujin Park Hyung-Kee Kim Seung Huh 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(4):1196-1206.e5
Objective
The advantage of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in older patients requiring dialysis is controversial. We reviewed our vascular access experience in patients ≥70 years of age (older group) compared with younger patients.Methods
We analyzed consecutive patients who underwent access surgery between 2013 and 2016. Primary success (PS) and primary patency (PP) data were analyzed between the older and younger groups before and after propensity score matching of the patients' characteristics and access composition. PS was defined as the achievement of access function that was amenable to two sessions of successful cannulation without early occlusion or maturation failure requiring revision. PP was defined as the time with uninterrupted patency without intervention.Results
A total of 594 consecutive accesses were created among 563 patients, of whom 119 were allocated into each group after propensity score matching. In the whole cohort, 193 accesses (32.5%) were performed in older patients. AVFs were performed in 130 (67.4%) older patients and 293 (73.1%) younger patients. Regarding AVFs, the PS rate (83.6% in the older group vs 94.3% in the younger group; P = .001) and the overall PP at 6 and 12 months (73.1% and 57.1%, respectively, in the older group vs 86.7% and 77.7%, respectively, in the younger group; P = .009) were lower in the older group than in the younger group. However, no differences were found in the PS and PP rates for arteriovenous grafts between groups. Regarding the AVF location, the PS rate for forearm AVFs was significantly lower in the older group than in the younger group (76% vs 93%; P < .001); however, the PS rate of the upper arm was not different between the groups (94% vs 97%; P = .425). In the patients with PS, the PP rate of AVFs was similar between the two groups. In the older group with forearm AVFs, the median diameter of the radial artery was larger in the patients with PS than in the patients without PS (2.20 mm with PS vs 2.00 mm without PS; P = .008). The propensity score matching results demonstrated similar trends for the whole cohort, with lower PS (P = .042) and PP rates (P = .023) for AVF in the older group.Conclusions
The outcomes after AVF were poorer in the older group than in the younger group, which was primarily due to unsatisfactory outcomes in patients with forearm AVFs. Thus, stricter criteria, especially regarding the radial artery diameter, should be applied for forearm AVFs in older patients, and additional research is necessary to delineate the risk factors for primary failure. 相似文献84.
Clara Muoz Josu Martínez‐de la Puente Jordi Figuerola Pedro Prez‐Cutillas Ricardo Navarro María Ortuo Luis J. Bernal Juana Ortiz Ramn Soriguer Eduardo Berriatua 《Transboundary and Emerging Diseases》2019,66(6):2546-2561
The epidemiological cycle of zoonotic phlebotomine‐borne Leishmania infantum is a complex system in which domestic animals and wildlife interact and participate in its maintenance and transmission. In this study, we combined entomological surveillance, xenomonitoring of L. infantum and identification of host feeding sources of engorged females to investigate the potential contribution of a periurban wildlife park to leishmaniosis in neighbouring residential areas. Overall, 7,309 sand flies were collected in 111 trap‐days during the summers of 2016–2018 in an endemic area in south‐east Spain. Five different sand fly species were captured, with Phlebotomus perniciosus, the main L. infantum vector in this region, representing the most common species. Sand fly distribution was spatially heterogeneous in terms of species, sexes and female physiological stage (unfed, gravid and engorged females) and related to host distribution and management, and environmental features. None of the 602 sand flies analysed for L. infantum infection by kinetoplast real‐time PCR were positive. We used molecular tools to identify the vertebrate hosts of sand flies and identified 17 host species, mainly mammals. Human DNA was not identified in engorged sand flies. This study provides evidence that wildlife parks in south‐east Spain are ideal grounds for sand fly vectors but do not necessarily increase L. infantum infection risk to humans and dogs living in surrounding residential areas. This is probably because vectors feed mostly on non‐L. infantum competent hosts and this should be investigated for a better understanding of the contribution of wildlife parks to the local epidemiology of L. infantum. 相似文献
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【摘要】 血浆肾上腺髓质素(ADM)是一种具有多种生物学活性的内源性肽,以自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式发挥功能和作用,包括舒张血管、降低血压、扩张支气管平滑肌细胞、改善微循环、稳定血管内皮功能、调节肺动脉压、调节炎症及免疫功能、参与多种激素的分泌和调节等作用,因最初在肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤组织中发现而得名。后来发现其在多种器官、组织均有表达,包括心、脑、肾、肿瘤组织等,尤其在内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞等表达含量较高,在人体肺组织中也广泛存在。目前许多研究已发现肾上腺髓质素可能参与某些肺部疾病的病理生理过程,包括社区获得性肺炎、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺动脉高压、肺部肿瘤等疾病。本文就肾上腺髓质素在呼吸系统相关性疾病方面的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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